北京市高考英语真题2017
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北京市高考英语真题2017
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. A postman. B. A policeman. C. A delivery man. D. A taxi driver.
2. A. $50. B. $75. C. $150. D. $200.
3. A. It’s delayed. B. It’s overcrowded. C. It’s empty. D. It’s cancelled.
4. A. She has never talked in public. B. She probably is poor at giving speeches.
C. She enjoys serious moments.D. She wants to give up the public speech.
5. A. Finishing the lunch.B. Having a meeting.C. Arranging the room.D. Making some coffee.
6. A. By going on a diet.B. By doing physical exercise.
C. By having fewer meals.D. By eating fruit and vegetables.
7. A. The man doesn’t have a good memory.B. The man shouldn’t have bought the chocolate.
C. The man lost the chocolate in the kitchen.D. The man’s son has taken the chocolate.
8. A. The man shouldn’t go for the interview.B. The man’s resume is not well-prepared.
C. The man can send the resume out.D. The man should get ready for the interview.
9. A. Finish the paper before meeting his professor.B. Shorten his paper into a 3000-word article.
C. Get a new and more specific topic for his paper.D. Ask his professor’s help on his choice of topics.
10. A. He will remain in his current job.B. He is quite satisfied with his job.
C. He will ask for a higher salary.D. He can never find a better job.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Public education against smoking is lacking.B. There is no campaign against smoking.
C. There are no rules regarding smoking.D. That smokers ignore the rules about smoking.
12. A. It made her respect smokers in the United States.
B. It made her think that smoking rules need to be changed.
C. It made her want to be more polite towards nonsmokers.
D. It made her more tolerant to smoker behavior.
13. A. It’s no easy job to stop people smoking in Europe.
B. There should be severer rules against smoking in Europe.
C. We should take non-smokers’ rights into consideration.
D. The speaker changed the attitude towards different smokers
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.
14. A. The weight of the boxes moving across the stage.B. The number of times of repeating the process.
C. The size of the objects shown on the stage. D. The shape of the cubes used in the show.
15. A. Girls seem to be able to reason earlier than boys.B. Boys enjoy playing with cubes more than girls.
C. Girls tend to get excited more easily than boys.D. Boys pay more attention to moving objects than girls.
16. A. They are easy to be nervous. B. They talk at an earlier age.
C. They are better at physical activities. D. They have a different brain pattern.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.
17. A. A detective story. B. A professor’s lecture.
C. A class assignment. D. A jewelry store robbery.
18. A. She was involved in a jewelry store robbery.
B. She had trouble finishing her assignment.
C. She did not like the topic she had chosen for her paper.
D. She was taking too many courses.
19. A. Take some extra time. B. Put down whatever ideas she has first.
C. Do some work for another course. D. Write the story ending first.
20. A. To do research for her story. B. To go shopping.
C. To meet her professor. D. To take a break from her work.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (21)__________(force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better (22)__________ we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.
The total amount of packaging increased (23)__________ 12% between 1999 and 2005. A large number of companies believe that they can attract customers’ attention and stimulate their purchasing desire by over-packaging their goods, thus (24)__________(gain) more profits.
Too much packaging is doing damage to the environment. If such packaging (25)__________(burn), it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, (26)__________ the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea (27)__________ this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.
But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that (28)__________ without packaging is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, (29)__________ often have far more packaging than necessary.
There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary materials are collecting. However, despite the ongoing campaigns (30)__________(promote) consumers’ green awareness, we still have a long way to go.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. equalB. demandingC. benefitsD. employE. reachF. increase
G. accessH. conveyI .conditionsJ. superiorK. approached
There is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding. Thus we can ____31____ the word “reading” in two distinct senses.
The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else. We can get ____32____ to the content of those materials easily. Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don’t have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding was ____33____ to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.
The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can ____34____ the reader’s understanding. Such communication between unequals must be possible. Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here “learning” means understanding more, not remembering more information.
What are the ____35____ in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding. The writer must be “____36____” to the reader in understanding. Besides, his book must ____37____ something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Second, the reader must be able to overcome this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to ____38____ the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equality is ____39____, success of communication is achieved.
Besides gaining information and understanding, there’s another goal of reading - entertainment. It is the least ____40____ and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Celebrities, in other word, famous people, have become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to a specific ____41____. Besides, fashion magazines have almost ____42____ the practice of putting models on the cover because they don't sell nearly as well as famous faces. ____43____, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.
Celebrity clothing lines aren't a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ____44____ consumers, while today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top ____45____. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale ____46____, covering almost all the products of daily life.
However, for every success story, there’s a related warning tale of a celebrity who ____47____ his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it ____48____ to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, ____49____ returning to labels which have proved to be reliable.
Today, celebrities face even more severe ____50____. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover(逆转) has ____51____ as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him ____52____ has no problem severely criticizing him and taking everything from him when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s(自我的) potential for ____53____ is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see ____54____ as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time and as a matter of fact, fashion - like celebrity - has always been ____55____. So the next time celebrities introduce their lines of fashion, let’s just wait and see how long they will stay.
41. A. filmB. characterC. productD. magazine
42. A. abandonedB. promotedC. enhancedD. developed
43. A. All in allB. As a resultC. Above allD. On the contrary
44. A. wealthyB. famousC. specialD. ordinary
45. A. technologiesB. brandsC. studiosD. producers
46. A. rapidlyB. moderatelyC. reluctantlyD. carefully
47. A. ignoredB. disapprovedC. overvaluedD. estimated
48. A. intendsB. failsC. managesD. strengthens
49. A. loyaltyB. promotionC. regretD. disappointment
50. A. depressionB. failureC. punishmentD. embarrassment
51. A. slowed downB. called offC. speeded upD. faded away
52. A. fameB. fortuneC. troubleD. risk
53. A. informationB. knowledgeC. reputationD. expansion
54. A. audienceB. fashionC. charmD. performance
55. A. admirableB. productiveC. temporaryD. respectable
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
They swim lovely along the shore, looking for underwater greens to feed on. But these days, along Florida’s western coast, something is mixing with the sea grass that manatees(海牛) like to eat. And it’s making them sick - even killing them.
It’s a poisonous form of algae, usually called “red tide” because of its color. Algae are plant-like organisms that live mainly in water. Most are harmless, but not red tide. When it gets mixed in with the grass and the manatees eat it, they get so sick that they can’t even swim.
“They’re basically paralyzed(瘫痪的), and they become unconscious,” said Virginia Edmonds, an animal care manager. Manatees are mammals and they need to surface often to breathe in air. If a manatee is paralyzed, it can’t swim and will drown.
As of Monday, the current red tide outbreak has killed at least 174 manatees since the beginning of this year. That has already beaten Florida’s record-high number for manatee deaths in a single year - and we still have nearly nine months to go!
The experts aren’t sure when the red tide outbreak will end. So many more manatees are in danger. The situation has gotten so desperate that Florida zoos have rescued at least a dozen manatees. You can find manatees anywhere from Brazil up to Florida - and throughout much of the Caribbean Sea.
In fact, the manatee is officially considered an endangered species. Thanks to the US government’s protection, Florida’s manatee population has grown to approximately 5,000 in recent years. But the red tide is threatening their survival. Some experts suspect that pollution from farms even might be fueling the red tide outbreak, because fertilizer that’s used on farms often winds up in water. And when that fertilized water runs off into the Gulf of Mexico, it makes things grow faster - just like on land.
56. The word “them” (in the 1st paragraph) probably refers to “________”.
A. underwater greens B. algae
C. manatees D. endangered animals
57. We can learn from the passage that the red tide ________.
A. causes 174 manatees’ deaths every monthB. disables manatees’ ability to surface to breathe
C. has destroyed most of the underwater greensD. helps to fertilize farm lands
58. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. The experts’ efforts to keep the red tide from spreading.
B. The potential cause of the expansion of the red tide.
C. The present situation of manatees in Florida.
D. The deadly effect of the poisonous red tide on manatees.
59. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The red tide has been changing the manatees’ habitant.B. The manatee is officially an endangered species.
C. More efforts should be made to save the manatees.D. The red tide has been threatening the manatees.
(B)
For centuries, mankind and dogs have suffered from a communication failure. We can tell dogs what we want them to do and sometimes they comply, but we’ve always struggled when it comes to understanding the true meaning of their barks and whimpers. There is exciting news now - a dog translator called body harness (see the picture) has been invented to help you communicate with your furry friend.
HOW IT WORKS
The platform itself is a harness that fits comfortably onto the dog, and which is equipped with a variety of technologies.
Wireless sensors can determine when they’re sitting, standing, running, etc, even when they’re out of sight.
The team developed software to collect, interpret and communicate those data, and to translate human requests into signals on the harness through speakers and vibrating motors.
WHAT’S FOR
The harness could be used to train pets, guide dogs and other working animals.
Sensors on the harness monitor the dog’s heart rate and body temperature.
The sensor-packed harness can sense the animal’s movement, and the sounds it makes, letting the owner knows how they feel.
Speakers and vibrating pads in the harness also allow owners to “talk back” to their animals.
The harness is also intended for dogs involved in search and rescue and other front-line work.
60. The word “comply” in the first paragraph probably means “________”.
A. shout B. obey C. disappear D. attack
61. Which of the following is NOT the intension of the harness?
A. To create a better communication between dogs and human.
B. To enable the dogs to do demanding jobs.
C. To transfer human thoughts to the dogs by means of technology.
D. To monitor dog’s communicative behaviors.
62. Which of the following can best express the main idea of the passage?
A. New platform: for better performances of dogs.
B. Harness: a two-way communication device.
C. Dog care: a completely new way possible.
D. Technology: toward healthier life of dogs.
(C)
Books, Films and Plays
The novelist’s medium is the written word. One might almost say the printed word. Typically the novel is consumed by a silent, individual reader, who may be anywhere at the time. The paperback novel is still the cheapest, most portable and adaptable form of narrative entertainment. It is limited to a single channel of information - writing. The narrative can go, effortlessly, anywhere: into space, people’s head, palaces, prisons and pyramids, without any consideration of cost or practical possibility. In determining the shape and content of his narrative, the writer is restricted by nothing except purely artistic criteria(评判标准). The novelist keeps absolute control over his text until it is published and received by the audience. He may be advised by his editor to revise his text, but if the writer refused to meet this condition no one would be surprised. It is not unknown for a well-established novelist to deliver his or her manuscript(手稿) and expect the publisher to print it exactly as written.
However, not even the most well-established playwright or screenplay writer would submit(提交) a script and expect it to be performed without any rewriting. This is because plays and motion pictures are cooperative forms of narrative, using more than one channel of communication.
The production of a stage play involves, as well as the words of the author, the physical presence of the actors, their voices and gestures, the “set” and possibly music. Although the script is the essential basis of both stage play and film, it is a basis for subsequent revision negotiated between the writer and the other creative people involved. They are given “approval” of the choice of director and actors and have the right to attend rehearsals(排演), during which period they may undertake more rewriting work. In the case of the screenplay, the writer may have little or no control over the final form of his work. Contracts for the production of plays protect the rights of authors in this respect.
In film or television work, on the other hand, the screenplay writer has no contractual right to this degree of consultation. While the script is going through its various drafts, the writer is in the driver’s seat, although sometimes receiving criticism from the producer and the director. But once the production is under way, artistic control over the project tends to pass to the director. This is a fact overlooked by most journalistic critics of television drama, who tend to give all the credit or blame for success or failure of a production to the writer and actors, ignoring the contribution, for good or ill, of the director.
63. From the first and second paragraph, we know that ________.
A. there should be artistic criteria for the novelists to follow
B. playwright or screenplay writers often have to rewrite their work
C. compared with playwrights, novelists are relatively independent
D. audience sometimes are the key factors to determine artistic criteria
64. Why can the novelist expect the publisher to print the manuscript exactly as written?
A. Because the novelist keeps absolute control over his text.
B. Because the words in the novel are not difficult for readers.
C. Because the novel is limited to a single channel of information - writing.
D. Because the novelist is seldom advised by editors to revise the text.
65. Which of the following statements is True according to the passage?
A. Playwrights envy the simplicity of the novelist’s work.
B. Experience in the theatre improves the work of screenplay writers.
C. Screenplay writers usually have the final say in how a TV drama will turn out.
D. Playwrights are frequently involved in revising their work.
66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Screenplay writers should take the success of television drama in their hands.
B. Screenplay writers should be more sensitive about their contractual right.
C. The directors play a decisive role in the final outcome of television drama.
D. Critics of television drama tend to neglect the importance of writer and actors.
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. In a sense, they're not really themselves.
B. Rather, a person's thoughts - or at least the thoughts they type - are what really count.
C. With so many unknowns, it's easy to let one's imagination "fill in the blanks".
D. The internet encourages people to express their ideas in a more free way.
E. However, online relationship will be damaged by this kind of image.
F. But Some Internet users want more than just someone to chat with.
In so many ways, cyberspace(网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love.
Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. ____67____ So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star.
Usually, this "faceless" communication doesn't create problems. Identity doesn't really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the idea themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat about their interests?
____68____ They are looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.
Supporters of online relationships claim that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn't get in the way.
But critics of online relationships argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give. And they don't have to worry about what their “faceless” communication is doing for their image. ____69____
All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. ____70____ This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different from the real person.
So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: "Life in the real world is far richer than anything you'll find on a computer screen."
IV. Summary Writing
Direction: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness, namely, temporary loneliness, situational loneliness, and chronic(长期的) loneliness.
The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation - for example a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems in socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.
Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72.你认为谁该为这起严重的事故负责?(responsible)
73.他伤得很严重，应该马上送医院。(So...)
74.不管学生提出什么问题，这位老师总是耐心回答。(patience)
75.这款电子产品存在严重的质量问题，几乎无消费者问津。(exist)
76.这家饭店虽然地段不佳，但因菜肴丰富，服务优良而深受食客青睐。(locate)
VI. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
某互联网消费调研中心对网络购物进行了调查，结果如下，请根据图表1提供的信息描述人们选择网络购物的不同原因，并针对图表2 中任意一个数据反映的情况谈谈你的看法。
图一：网购的原因
图二：对于网购的担忧