高考英语全国卷真题及答案详解
高考英语全国卷真题
第一部分：听力(满分30分)
第一节：(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的ABC三个选项中选择出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.How did Nancy first react to being offered chocolate?
A. Surprised. B. Disappointed. C. Happy.
2.What do we know about the man?
A. He is allergic to cats. B. He had a bad cold on his first day of work.
C. He often brings his cat to work.
3.What does the man mean?
A. He had a lot of help. B. He is hungry now. C. The work is easy for him.
4. Why does the man ask the woman to help him paint his bedroom?
A. His brother can't do it B. The woman is really good at painting.
C. His arm is broken.
5. Where might the man's backpack be?
A. He is wearing it. B. It's at school. C. Claire has it.
第二节(共l5小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题 掏
6. Why was Loretta on the news?
A. She wrote a song for the TV station. B. She won a music contest.
C. She sang a song for charity.
7. What does she think of singing?
A. It will make her famous one day. B. It gives her great pleasure.
C. It takes too much of her time.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8.Who gave Lily her new roller skates?
A. Mr. Benjamin. B. Her brother. C. Her uncle.
9.What does Lily have to do so her brother will take her to go skating?
A. Get better at roller skating. B. Help Mr. Benjamin.
C. Do well in school until winter break.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.What were the speakers supposed to do today?
A. Get ready for a party.
B. Wear the same clothes.
C. Do something for their classmates.
11.How did the woman get her problem solved?
A. She asked her science teacher for help.
B. The man gave her an extra sweater.
C. She hurried home to fetch her things.
12.What did the man forget?
A. His birthday. B. School Spirit Day. C. The day of the week.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.Who are the speakers?
A. Students. B. Teacher and student. C. Coach and player.
14.How did the man react when he saw the woman dancing?
A. He was annoyed. B. He was inspired. C. He was surprised.
15.How does the man usually exercise?
A. He likes to ride a bicycle. B. He likes to play soccer. C. He likes to run.
16.What will the speakers probably do next?
A. Study for a test. B. Go to the gym together. C. Show each other their moves.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.What are people like nowadays, according to the speaker?
A. They are too lazy to cook. B. They prefer fast food.
C. They are in a hurry every day.
18.What do most people want to do?
A. Enjoy home-made dishes with families. B. Eat out more with friends.
C. Start food business on the Internet.
19.What does the speaker suggest people do?
A. Find a good restaurant in their neighborhood.
B. Cook healthy meals at home. C. Order food online.
20.What kind of talk is the speaker giving?
A lecture on food and health. B. An advertisement for a food website.
C. The development of cooking
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节：(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
A
Birds enjoy a relatively slow rate of extinction but a new study suggests that rate might be severely underestimated(低估). Even worse, if human actions continue, bird extinction rates couldskyrocket and 12 percent of the known bird species(物种) could be dying out by the end of the century.
Presently there are 10,000 known bird species — most identified after 1850 — and an estimated 130 of those have become extinct since 1500, setting the extinction rate at about one species every four years.
But according to Stuart Pimm of Duke University, this rate fails to take into account three key points: The continual identification of extinct bird species from fossil remains; numerous "missing" species not yet declared extinct; and the fact that present extinction rates were not calculated using the proper baseline date for when the species was first described.
Taking these points into consideration, the extinction rate is closer to one bird species per year, says Pimm, the leading author of the study. And the rate could be three times as high as that if not for recent bird preservation efforts.
In previous centuries, bird extinctions took place mainly on islands as Polynesian peoples expanded into the Pacific or Europeans took over the Americas, wiping out birds along the way.
In recent years, scientists are seeing an increased number of extinctions on continents, again because of human activities. Habitat destruction, introduction of invasive species, and climate change combine to harm many bird species. Before human influence, the estimated rate of bird extinctions would have been only one species per hundred years, researchers estimate.
Bird extinction rates are slower than for most animals, mainly because humans do more harm to other species and people take special efforts to protect birds. Still, if the present trends continue, the researchers estimate that the bird extinction rate will continue to climb to as many as 10 species per year,
21. The underlined word "skyrocket" in the first paragraph means_________.
A. fly high B. appear soon
C. increase quickly D. change regularly
22. According to Pimm, the extinction rate of birds is____________.
A. one species per hundred years
B. one species every year
C. three species per year
D. ten species every year
23. What can we infer from the fifth and sixth paragraphs?
A. Humans have started destroying bird habitat in recent years.
B. Humans are doing more harm to animals than to birds.
C. Humans have made no effort to protect birds.
D. Humans are responsible for the bird extinctions.
24. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. Humans' Fighting against Bird Extinction
B. Humans' Responsibilities for Bird Protection
C. Bird Extinction Rates Far Worse Than Realized
D. Bird Extinction Occurring on Islands and Continents
B
Shundagarh is a village on India’s east-facing coast. It is a village of simple mud and grass houses built on the beach just above the waterline. The Khadra Hills rise immediately behind the village, to a height of one hundred and fifty meters. A simple, good-hearted old man, whose name was Jalpur, farmed two small fields on the very edge of these hills. From his fields he could see the fishing boats that traveled up and down the coast. He could see the children playing on the sands; their mothers washing clothes on the flat stones where the Shiva River flowed into the sea; and their fathers landing the latest catch or repairing nets and telling stories that had no end.
All Jalpur owned in the world were the clothes he wore day in and day out, the miserable-hut that he slept in at night, a few tools and cooking pots – and his fields. The corn that hegrew was all that made life possible. If the weather was kind and the harvest was good, Jalpur could live happily enough – not well, but happily. When the sun was fierce, and there was littleor no rain, then he came close to the line between life and death.
Last year the weather had been so kind, and the harvest promised to be so good, that Jalpur hadbeen wondering whether he could sell all that he had and live with his son farther up the coast.He had been thinking about doing this for some years. It was his dearest wish to spend his lastdays with his son and his wife. But he would go only if he could give; he would not go if it meant taking food out of the mouths of his grandchildren. He would rather die hungry than do this.
On the day when Jalpur decided that he would harvest his corn, sell it, and move up the coast, he looked out to the sea and saw a huge wave, several kilometers out, advancing on the coast andon the village of Shundagarh. Within ten minutes everyone in Shundagarh would be drowned. Jalpurwould have shouted, but the people were too far away to hear. He would have run down the hill, but he was too old to run. He was prepared to do anything to save the people of Shundagarh, so hedid the only thing that he could do: he set fire to his corn. In a matter of seconds the flameswere rising high and smoke was rising higher. Within a minute the people of Shundagarh were racing up the hill to see what had happened. There, in the middle of his blackened cornfield, they found Jalpur; and there they buried him.
On his grave, they wrote the words: Here lies Jalpur, a man who gave, living; a man who died, giving.
25.Which of the following could Jalpur NOT see from his fields?
A. Fathers taking their corn to market.
B Mothers washing clothes.
C. Fishing boats traveling on the sea.
D. Children playing on the sands.
26.Why didn’t Jalpur live well?
A. He didn’t work hard.
B. He had too many children to feed.
C. The villagers kept taking his corn.
D. He only depended on good weather and harvest for survival.
27. What did Jalpur do when he saw the huge wave?
A. He ran down the hill to tell the people.
B. He screamed loudly to get the villagers’ attention.
C. He set his corn on fire so the people of Shundagarh would leave the beach.
D. He stood still, not knowing what to do.
28.The villagers were thankful to Jalpur because he had .
A. given them his corn in order to save them from hunger
B. saved their village from being drowned by the wave
C. given them many things during his life
D. given his life in order to save theirs
C
The first living creatures to travel in space were the dogs of the Soviet Unions space program. Beginning in 1951 dogs flew aboard sub-orbital flights to the height of 63 miles and higher. They helped to test the equipment that would later be used by humans. The first pair of dogs to fly, on July 22. 1951, were named Tsygan and Dezik.
Space dogs would make history on November 3rd 1957. On this date, just one month after the historic launch of the world’s first artificial satellite, Sputnik, the Soviet Union shocked the world again by launching Sputnik 2. This satellite contained the first living creature to travel in space, a dog named Laika. Laika was to have orbited for a week or more until her food and oxygen ran out. In fact, Laika lasted only hours in orbit before over heating in her capsule(太空舱) took her life.
That next step, occurred in August 1960, when the dogs Belka and Strelka made 18 orbits of earth and returned alive. Like Laika before them, they became distinguished, featured in newspapers and magazines around the world.
Six more orbital dog flights over the next eight months further tested the equipment necessary for humans to follow in the dogs’ footsteps. That historic event happened on April 12, 1961, when Yuri Gagarin became the human to travel in space.
The role of the space dogs had proven important in advancing the exploration of space. But, they would make one final flight. In 1966, traveling aboard the Cosmos 110 satellite, the dogs Ugolek and Veterok spent 22 days in orbit. Once again dogs led the way. Humans would not achieve a space flight that long for eight more years, in Skylab 2.
29. From the passage we may infer that _____________.
A. Laika couldn’t return to the earth alive
B. Tsygan and Dezik became world famous after they returned to the earth safely
C. Laike was not as famous as Belka and Strelka
D. man travel earlier in space than dogs
30. The underlined word “distinguished” in paragraph 3 probably means________.
A. crazy B. terrified C. anxious D. famous
31. According to the passage, space dogs ___________.
A. played an important part in space exploration
B. were used to walked on the surface of planets instead of man
C. did more research work than man when traveling in space
D. could stay longer in space than man
D
Walk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it steamy, warm, damp and thick. But if you had been there around 15,000 years ago, during the last ice age, would it have been the same? For more than 30 years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests might have reacted to the cold, dry climate of the ice ages, but till now, no one has reached a satisfying answer.
Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping tosolve global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 given off in the UK each year. But how will the Amazon react to the future climate change? If it gets drier, will it survive and continue to draw down CO2? Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will managein the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past.
Unfortunately, collecting information is incredibly difficult. To study the past climate, scientists need to look at fossilized pollen(花粉)kept in lake mud, Going back to the last ice age means drilling down into lake sediments(沉淀物), which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery. There are very few roads and paths, or places to land helicopters and aeroplanes. Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest, but this still leaves vast areas between the rivers completely unsampled(未取样). So far, only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide enough information to prove how the Amazon forest reacts to climate change.
32.How do scientists study the past climate change?
A. By predicting the climate change in the future.
B. By drilling down deep into land sediments.
C. By analyzing fossilized pollen in lake mud.
D. By taking samples from rivers in the Amazon.
33.Why is it difficult to collect information about the past climate change?
A. Because scientists can't find proper equipment and machinery.
B. Because it is very difficult to obtain complete samples.
C. Because helicopters and aeroplanes have no place to land.
D. Because none of the cores provide any information.
34.Where is the passage most probably taken from?
A. A medical journal. B. A news report
C. A travel brochure. D. A science magazine.
35.The best title for the text may be .
A. Secrets of the Rainforest
B. Climates of the Amazon
C. The History of the Rainforest
D. Changes of the Rainforest
第二节 七选五(共5小题每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Taking good notes is a time-savin6 skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways. 36 Second your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.
You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook.or doing research for a report 37 Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process. 38
The following methods may work best for you.
Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.
Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.
Write your notes in your own words.
39
Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.
As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand (速记法). When you do this, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. 40
A. Use words, not complete sentences. .
B. There are three practical note-taking methods
C. You must write your notes on separate paper.
D. First; the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.
E. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.
F. You will' also want to develop your own methods for taking notes.
G. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(30分)
A Deed a Day
It was a busy day as usual. I was making sandwiches and balancing the phone between my shoulder and chin. The washing machine sounded as my husband walked in with our daughters. We had only about twenty minutes to eat 41 we had to take the girls to their next activity. My husband seemed a bit 42 that dinner was not on the table.
That night, I had a heavy 43 , thinking we were becoming taskmasters on an assembly line (流水线). We had become too 44 in our own tasks and not very considerate towards those around us. We needed to do something to bring back some meaning into our lives. It needed to be something that would 45 our own agendas and energize us toward the common good.
I bought a notebook, named it “Our Deed Diary” and held a family meeting. I told my family I wanted us all to think about doing a 46 for others every day. It could be for each other or for people outside our 47 . And we all needed towrite it down in the notebook.
I thought one deed a day was too easy. However, it was actually 48 than it seemed because it had to be something 49 what we had already done. Sending birthday cards to people we already sent cards to every year would not 50 .
We had a rough 51 . On some days, someone would forget to 52 a good deed, while on other days, we would forget to write our good deeds in the diary. After a few weeks though, I found myself waking up in the morning trying to 53 what good deed I could do for someone that day. My daughters began to rush to me after school to 54 me the good deed they had done.
Now, after a year, I am happy to say that it is making a(n) 55 in our lives. Instead of always 56 what the day will bring for us, we think about what we can do for someone else.
Who would have thought that trying to do a simple kindness a day would be so 57 ? I feel my daughters have felt inner joy that you can only 58 by giving to someone else from your heart. The best thing is that you feel so great about doing something for someone else; you don't even look for or expect anything in 59 . So, when someone does return the favor, it is an enormous and positive 60 .
41. A. though B. while C. before D. unless
42. A. annoyed B. frightened C. embarrassed D. puzzled
43. A. shoulder B. heart C. foot D. stomach
44. A. absorbed B. successful C. confident D. interested
45. A. repeat B. recall C. refocus D. relate
46. A. kindness B. copy C. job D. task
47. A. room B. town C. school D. home
48. A. stranger B. bigger C. harder D. sweeter
49. A. beyond B. between C. about D. from
50. A. matter B. happen C. last D. count
51. A. time B. idea C. start D. life
52. A. praise B. do C. record D. check
53. A. describe B. explain C. remember D. decide
54. A. bring B. tell C. offer D. teach
55. A. effort B. fortune C. difference D. choice
56. A. forgetting B. wondering C. knowing D. believing
57. A. tiring B. rewarding C. surprising D. moving
58. A. experience B. exchange C. predict D. imagine
59. A. silence B. order C. time D. return
60. A. effect B. contribution C. attitude D. bonus
第二节 语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
请在下列空白处内填入适当内容(不多于3个词)或括号内单词的正确形式
To become a journalist, the first step is to receive an education. Most journalists have, at least, a bachelor’s degree in English, communication or journalism. An education is a necessary stepping stone ___1. (learn) about journalism and to help you get your first job with a newspaper, magazine, or other forms of media. Also some schools wil__ 2. (assistance) you when you search for journalism jobs.
While you are receiving your education, ___3. is a good idea to get as much hands-on experience asyou can. This means ___ 4. __(work) on your school’s newspaper or radio station and taking at least one internship during your years at school. Internships can be invaluable experiences and here are some useful suggestions. Leave a good __ 5. (impress). Learn from ___6. ___(experience) colleagues. Communicate _7.___ (efficiency) with other people. Write clearly and concisely. Be always prepared for the unexpected news and __ 8. ___ability to find a good story quickly is importantas well.
As you are completing your education and hands-on experience, you should be able to determine ___9. __becoming a journalist is the career path you want to take ahead __10.__ time.
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节：短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
Last week, we held the Sixth Club Festival in our school. Start from March 23, the week-long festival's theme was "Colorful Life". The Literature Society recommend many good books, encouraging us to get pleasure out of reading. The Photography Club put on an exhibition of photo. The Roller Skating Club had something excited. There was fierce competition among roller skating lovers and the winner put on wonderful performance. We cheered up their fantastic show. The activities were not just for watching; we were expected to take part in it. We had an exchange of views on their favorite movies, directors and actors in the activities be held by the Movie Society.
It was the sixth time we have had the festival and we all enjoyed it.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假设你是某国际学校高二(1)班的学生Jack，你的美国朋友Peter来信说要来北京游玩。请根据下面提供的信息，给Peter写一封回信，内容包括：
1. 建议他游览故宫及周边景区;
2. 建议的理由;
3. 祝愿……。
注意：1. 词数不少于80; 2. 回信开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Peter，
I am pleased to hear that you are coming to Beijing soon.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
____________________
Yours,
Jack
高考英语全国卷真题参考答案
第一部分 听力1-5 AACAA 6-10 BBCAB 11-15 BAACB 16-20 ACACB
阅读：21—24CBDC 25-28ADCD 29-31BDA 32-35CBDA 36—40DFEAG
完形：41-45CABAC 46-50ADCAD 51-55CBDBC 56-60BBADD
语法填空：
61.to learn 62. assist 63. it 64. working 65. impression
66.experienced 67.efficiently 68.the 69. whether 7 0. of
短文改错：
71.start→ starting 72.recommend→recommended
73.photo→photos 74.excited→exciting
75.wonderful前加a
76.up→for 77.it→them 78.their→our 79.去掉be 80.have→had
书面表达
Dear Peter，
I am pleased to hear that you are coming to Beijing soon. I'd like to advise you to visit the Palace Museum, which is located in the centre of Beijing. The Palace Museum, the largest museum in China was established during the Ming Dynasty and then passed on to the Qing Dynasty, housing a large valuable collection of royal family treasures.
After visiting the Palace Museum, you can take a trip around it. There are some other well-known museums, parks and commercial centres nearby, such as Chinese History Museum, Beihai Park and Wang Fujing Street etc.
The public transport around is very convenient, You can choose to take subways, buses or taxis. You can also rent a bicycle and hang out on it around. You are sure to enjoy your ride. Wish you a good trip in Beijing.
Yours,
Jack