考研英语阅读各题型解题要点
考研英语阅读解题要点
【解题方法】题干+选项精确定位法
【解题步骤】
1. 找出题干关键词，精确定位到文章
返回原文可依据以下几个关键点来：
1)可以根据题干所列的地点、时间、人物、事物返回原文;
2)根据出题的顺序返回原文;
3)根据题干中或四个选项中的重点词，或同义词返回原文;
4)通过长难句返回原文。
2. 将所选答案精确定位到文章
【例题】2014年Text 1
21. According to Dumn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?
[A] A big house
[B] A special tour
[C] A stylish car
[D] A rich meal
These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time - as stories ormemories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.
【解题步骤应用】
1 题干定位
Dumn and Norton--- Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton
According to---say
the most rewarding ---far better
purchase--- to spend money on
因此，答案定位在 experiences like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema.
2 选项定位
答案[B] A special tour
special----interesting 表示"特别的，有趣的";
a tour----trips 表示"旅程"。
二、推理题
【解题方法】段落中心句+具体细节
【解题步骤】
1.找出题干关键词，精确定位到文章段落。
2.找出该段落的中心句。
3.将段落中心句与具体细节句相结合，与选项匹配。绝大多数推理题答案是文章中心或原文某句话的同义表达。正确答案与原文之间基本上不存在推理关系。
【例题】2014年Text 1
24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money ____.
[A] has left much room for readers' criticism
[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
[C] has predicted a wider income gap in the US.
[D] may give its readers a sense of achievement
Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors' policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.
【解题步骤应用】
1. 题干定位
题干关键词：the last paragraph
Happy Money----this book
2. 段落中心句
该段中出现了两个句间转折词yet和but，中心句应为最后一个转折词之后的句子，所以本段的中心句为most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。
3. 匹配选项
[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
worthwhile purchase ---- money well spent 意思是"这本书值得购买"
三、主旨题
【解题方法】主题词+串线法
【解题步骤】
1. 找出文章的主题词，通常为名词。
2. 找出文章各个段落的中心句，并将中心句串在一起。
3. 宏观阅读，匹配选项。正确选项通常体现全局以及概括性信息，因此选项不能选择局部信息，也不能选择范围过宽的信息。
【例题】2014年Text 1
25. This text mainly discusses how to____.
[A] balance feeling good and spending money
[B] spend large sums of money won in lotteries
[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent
[D] become more reasonable in spending on luxuries
What would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.
These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time - as stories or memories - particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.
This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.
Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors' policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.
【解题步骤应用】
1. 文章主题词：spending money, happiness
2. 各个段落的中心句
第一段：最后一句。该句指出如果老妇人希望这笔新得到的财富获得长期的成就感(lasting feelings of fulfillment)，那么最好读一下《开心理财》这本书。
第二段：第五句。该句指出《开心理财》这本书的两位作者的观点，即最好把钱花在一些经历上，这些经历会随着时间的流逝变得更有价值(more valuable with time)。
第三段：第一句。该句指出这本书主要涉及的内容是给人们提出了一些"如何从钱财中获得最大幸福感"(happiness bang for your buck)的建议。
第四段：最后一句。该句指出，这本书值得够买，体现出作者对这本书持肯定态度，即作者赞同这本书中的观点。
3. 匹配选项
[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent
文章的主题词：money spent
lasting satisfaction ---- happiness
考研英语阅读解题技巧
(一)泛读：
1.通读全文，把握中心。
2.仔细审题，返回原文。
3.重叠选项，得出答案。
(二)精读：
1.抓住文章的中心和论述的宏观结构。
2.认真把握各段大意，争取用1-2个词或者短语概括其意，并把意义相近的段合并成为一个整体。
3.以段为单位，对文章进行更加深入的分析，也就是对单词，词组的背诵以及对长句的精确翻译，整文的朗读和背诵。
4.佳句摘录，模仿写作。
5.换位思考，分析出题人为什么选这样的文章，难度在哪里，论述的结构是什么。并对每一个选项都精确分析，找出正确答案在文中的出处，给出选项错误的理由。
考研英语阅读理解解题方法
答案都在文中
总结英语阅读理解的考题题型不难发现，大部分考察的都是细节，即对文中某一段、某一句话、甚至某一个单词和短语的理解，同时也考主旨，即对整篇文章主旨大意的理解。不管是哪种考察方式，都讲究一个“准”字，也就是说，所谓的理解，都是建立在忠实于原文的基础之上的，既不会很浅显，也不会过分延伸。要想理解的精准，就必须要回到原文，答案都在文章中。正确的答案虽然不是照搬原文，但也一般是原文的另一种表达方式，不会有很大的偏差或延伸。因此，做阅读理解过程中，一定不要“脑洞大开”，天马行空地想当然，任性地做出主观臆断，老老实实回到文章中去找答案才是正解。
带着问题读文章
由于考场上时间有限，而阅读又是一项需要深耕细作的精细活儿，要想正确快速地理解文章，有时需要一些技巧。建议2016考研的小伙伴，做阅读理解之前先把问题快速浏览一遍，这样能对文章要讲的内容大致有了一个了解，同时又知道了问题是在问什么，然后带着这些问题去读文章，在阅读到考点所在的部位时，就能快速敏感地做出应答。不仅答题速度能提升，准确率也有保证。
巧用定位法
有时我们需要借助一些方法来快速精准地在原文中找到考察点。一般来说，一篇文章中，考点的分布是有规律可循的。比如说，考点和题目对应的顺序一般是一致的，比如第一题的考点出现在了第二段，那么第二题的考点出现的第一段的可能性就不太大，往往是在第二段之后。当然，主旨考察题例外，它需要你读完文章有一个整体的把握。又比如，如果题目中出现了一些比较显眼的名词或数字，寻找这些名词或数字，你也能很快在文中找到相对应的考点。再比如，文章的开头、结尾、段落转折处、举例说明处，都是比较容易出考点的地方，阅读时可以特别留意一下。
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