人教版八年级上册英语单词第四单元
1. We all know that Liu Qian is a great m _________ .
2. We Chinese usually have 3 m _________ a day,breakfast,lunch and supper.
3. --Who do you think is the best p_________? --lin Xinru , I think.
4. People in big cities often go to the countryside ,beacause the air there is
f _________ .
5. Relaxing on the beach makes me feel very c _________ .
6. My home is very c ________ to our school,so I often walk to school.
we look at the s ________ in class instead of (而不是)the blackboard.
food in the the restaurant is good and the s________ here is better,so many people come here.
are 3 movie theaters ,I don't know which one to c _________ .
our country gives money to those p ________ students to help them.
二.用所给词的适当形式 填空 。
father is much _________ than my mother.(busy)
is the ________ in our class.(outgoing)
Corner is a ________ (good) store. It sells _________ (good) clothes in town .
4. Kitty has the _________ (little) milk of the three.
5. Liu Bing runs __________ of all.(fast)
do you think is _________ (boring), Tim or Tom?
7. He is as _________ (friend) to us as his sister.
8. Tom is ____________ (tall) of the two.
one is ________of all the problems? (easy)
radio is not so ________ as that one. (cheap)
is good at________ (show) her talent.
,not everybody enjoys _________ (watch) these shows.
people who watch the show usually play a role in _________ (decide) the winner.
14. Which city is _________ (beautiful)，Beijing， Shanghai or Hangzhou?
for _________ (tell) me.
三.单项选择
( )1. This bread is too small. Do you have _____?
A. a bigger piece B. a bigger one C. a big bread big one
( ) _________ girl sings _________ .
,beautiful ,beautifully
,beautifully ,beautiful
( )3.— _________ is it from your home? —10 minutes by bus.
long far time
( ) is one of _________ in the world.
country countries
largest countries country
( )5. Last week's talent show was a great _____.
B. success C. succeed
( )6. You are _____ now, you should wash your clothes by yourself.
enough B. enough old C. old enough D. enough young
( )7. There's going to _____ a basketball game tomorrow.
A. have B. be C. is D. has
( )8. The weather in Harbin is colder than _____.
A. it in Beijing B. Beijing C. that in Beijing Beijing
( )9. Which do you think _____ the worst act?
A. is B. are C. be D. to be
( )10. My ruler is longer than _____.
A. Tom B. Tom's C. Toms D. Toms'
( )11. This classroom is _____ newer than that one.
A. quite B. very C. many D. a little
( )12. This restaurant needs _____ twenty-year-old boys as waiters.
A. more two B. two another C. two more much
( )13. Who is _____ student in the school talent show?
A. a good B. a better C. the best
( )14. This T-shirt is as _____ as that one.
more expensive B. expensive expensive D. Expensiver
( )15. Shanghai is larger than _____ in China.
city B. any other city C. all the cities D. any cities
( ) do you _________ this new watch?
at of over hard
( ) hope life can get _________ .
and best and better and good and well
( ) should study hard to make our dream _________ .
over back true up
( ) these talent shows have one thing _________ comcmon.
A. on B. in C. at D. for
( ) teacher asked us to_ _________ a story about the moon.
A. make up B. make of C. make in D. make out
四.口语交际(有两项是多余的)
A:Good morning ,Bill.
B: Hi ,Nick .
A: ____ 1 ____ .
B:Yes ,I like playing baketball .How often do you exercise ?
A: ____ 2 ____ .
B:Do you get up early in the morning ?
A: Yes ,I get up at 6:30 every morning .And then I play basketballfor half an hour .
B:____ 3 ____ .
A:Igo to bed at 10:00. _____ 4 ____
B: I see .You look strong .Let’s play basketball together tommorow morning ,OK?
A: All right . ____ 5 _____ .See you .
B: See you tomorrow .
A. Do you play basketball every morning ?
B. Let’s meet at 7:00am . C. What time do go to bed at night ?
D. I played basketball yesterday. E. Do you often stay up late ?
F. I have a healthy lifestyle . G. I exercise evert day .
5. 完形 填空
It was the last lesson before 1 holidays. The students 2 very happy. Their English teacher was very happy, 3 .The teacher 4 played nice games with them. He sang some nice songs, and then he went to the blackboard and wrote “SMILES” 5 it.“This is one of the 6 words in English”,he said to the class. The 7 class laughed, and then one girl 8 and said,“Why is it one of the longest words in English?”The teacher said 9 for a while. Then he smiled and said,“Because there is a mile between the 10 letter and the last.”
( )1. A. a B. an C. the D. much
( ) B. are C. was D. were
( ) B. eight C. neither D. also
( )4. A. a little B. little C. any D. also
( ) B. on C. in D. in front of
( ) B. longer C. longest D. short
( ) B. each C. all D. both
( )8. A. stand up B. sit down C. stood up D. lay down
( )9. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
( ) B. first C. two D. second
六. 阅读 理解
A boy named Jack lived in a small village. One morning, his mother sent him to his uncle's in town. He had a very good time there.
Before Jack left in the evening, his uncle gave him a jar and said, “There is some candy in it, you may put your hand into it and take some when you want to eat something.”
Jack looked at the jar when he was in the train. It had a long and small neck. He put his hand into the jar and took five pieces. But he could not get his hand out. He turned his hand this way and that way, still he could not get his hand out. He turned his hand again. Finally he let go of four pieces. Then he could pull his hand out of the jar.
根据短文判断正(T)误(F)
( ) day Jack's mother sent him to his mother's brother's house.
( ) jar with some candy in it had a large neck.
( ) only stayed in town for a whole day.
( ) last Jack only took one piece(块) of candy at a time.
( ) this lesson, Jack knew that he himself was too foolish(蠢).
中考英语语法知识点
1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg: I like watching monkeys jump
2 (比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来越怎么样
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)
4 agree with sb 赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样
6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界
7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树
8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样
9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的东西) eg : ask you for my book
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始
15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后;尽头;末尾 eg : At the end of the day
共279个语法，一天背一个。先收藏吧!
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraid to go out at night I'm afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么
eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高
26 be ashamed to
27 be away from 远离
28 be away from 从……离开
29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生于
31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……
32 be careful 当心;小心
33 be different from…… 和什么不一样
34 be famous for 以……著名
35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好
36 be from = come from 来自 eg ：He is from Beijing. He comes from Beijing. Is he from Beijing? Does he come from Beijing ?
37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water.
38 be glad + to + do /从句
39 be going to + v(原) 将来时
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……
41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English
42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事
43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处
Exercising is helpful to your body 锻炼对你的身体有好处
44 be in good health 身体健康
45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble. They are in trouble.
46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到
48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)
51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)
52 be not sure 表不确定
53 be on a visit to 参观
54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
55 be quiet 安静
56 be short for 表____的缩写 eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰
57 be sick in bed 生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that
60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to troubleyou
61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are no tstrict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格
64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么
65 be sure 表确定
66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑(老师)
68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试
69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕……
71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什么一样
73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉
74 be worth doing 值得做什么
75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句
76 because+句子 because of +短语
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么
eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借……lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth
eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station
我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了
He's bothering me to lend him money 他打扰我借钱给他
82 by the end of 到……为止
83 call sb sth eg : We call him old Wang.
84 care 关心 eg : Don't you care about this country's future? 你为什么不关心国家的未来?
85 catch up with sb 赶上某人
86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地
87 come in 进
88 come over to 过来
89 come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea你能想出一个好办法吗?
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考虑做什么 eg : Why not consider going to Luzhou? 为什么不考虑去泸州?
92 dance to 随着……跳舞 eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
93 decide to do sth 决定做某事
94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查
95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做错
97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事
98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词 不要介意……
99 each +名(单)每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书
100 end up +doing
101 enjoy +doing喜欢
102escape from 从……逃跑 eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来
103expect to do sth 期待做某事
104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来
105 fall in love with sb/sth 爱上什么
106 far from 离某地远 eg : The school is far from my home
107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样
108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting.
109 finish 完成+doing(名词)
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人
111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Don't forget to go home. I forget closing door
112 from…to… 从某某到某某 eg: From me for her
113 get /have sth down 做完，被(别人)做…eg: I have my hair cut我理了发(头发被剪了)
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了)
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job
115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处
117 get ready for = be ready for 为什么而准备 eg : I get ready for math. I am ready for math.
118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻烦
119get sb to do sth
120 get…from… 从某处得到某物
121 give a talk 做报告 eg: He is give a tall
122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物
123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事
125 go out away from go out of
126 go to school 上学(用于专业的)go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学)
127 good way to 好方法
128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事
129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会
130 have a talk 听报告谈一谈
131 have been doing 现在完成进行时 eg : You have been talking. You have been sleeping since
132 have been to …( 地方)……去过某过地方have gone to …(地方) 去了某地还没回来
133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴
134 have sth to do 有什么事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做
135 have to do sth 必须做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦
137 have…time +doing
138 have…(时间)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假
139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事
140 help a lot 很大用处
141 help sb with sth \one's sth 帮助某人某事(某方面) help sb(to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法
145 if : 是否=whether
eg: I don't know if (whether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会
He don't know if (whether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达
146 if :如果，假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句
eg: I'll go to Luzhou if it doesn't rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的
I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国
147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为
148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后
150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 (north 北 south 南 west 西 east东 )
151 in the sun 在太阳下
152 increase 增加
eg : They've increased the price of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3%
the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now
153 instead of +(名 ) 代替
eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果，而不要梨子
I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学
154 introduce sb to sb 介绍某人给某人 introduce oneself 自我介绍
155 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
156 It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少时间
eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook
157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样
158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样
159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样 It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样
160 It's +adj(for sb) to do(对某人来说) 做某事怎么样 It's +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样
eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English
161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对…… 来说是个好主意
162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要 eg: It's important to me
163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间
eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 该去上课了
164 join = take part in 参加
165 just now 刚才
166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语 让什么保持什么样?
167 keep out 不让 …… 进入
168 keep sb adj 让……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康
169 key to +名词 表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案
170 key to… answer to … key 可以是答题或钥匙
171 laugh at… 取笑…… eg : Don't laugh at others. We laughed at the joke.
172 learn by oneself 自学
173 learn from sb 向某人学习 eg: We should learn from Leifeng.
174 learn to do sth 学做某事
175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事
176 Let sb down 让某人失望 eg ：We shouldn't let our parents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望
177 live from :离某地远
178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地eg: I live in Luzhou She lives at Xuantan
179 look after = take care of 照顾 照看
180 lose one's way 谁 迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路
181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事
182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友 eg : I want to make friends with you
183 make it early 把时间定的早一点
184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相
185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么 eg : I made you my wife
186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人(某物)怎么样 eg : You must made your bed clean
187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样
188 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 eg : I made him write 我以前让他写
189 make up 和 be made up of (被动语态)由……组成
190 make…difference to…
191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什么
192 most +名 most of +代
193 much too +形容词 194 must be 一定 195 need +名词
196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事 197 need to do (实义动词) need do (情态动词)
198 no / neither of hate to do no / neither of hate doing
199 no +名词
200 not anymore = no more 再也不…… eg: He didn't cry anymore He cried no more 他再也不哭
201 not… (形 、副)at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't jump far at all
202 not…at all 一点都不
203 not…either 表否定，也不 eg : I don't Japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也没有姐姐
204 not…until 直到……才……
eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar
205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供
206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什么东西给某人 eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you 我给你提供水
207 on one's way to… 在谁去那的路上
208 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面
209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈
210 on time 准时 in time 及时
211 one day =some day =someday 一天，有一天
212 one of +可数名词的复数形式
213 one to another 一个到另一个
214 over and over again 一遍又一遍的 eg : He cleaned the floor over and over again
215 part-time job 兼职工作 fall-time job 全职工作
216 pay for… 付……钱 pay the bill 开钱，付钱
217 please +do
218 please help yourself
219 pleased with sb
220 pool into
221 practice +doing 练习做某事
222 prefer sth to sth 相对……更喜欢……eg : I prefer physics to chemistry 在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理
prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做…不愿意去做…eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车
prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿做…也不愿
eg: My uncle prefers to buy a new car rather than repair the used one 我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车
prefer sb not to do sth 更愿意… eg: I prefer her not to come 我不喜欢她不来
223 pretend to do sth 装着去做什么 pretend that 从句
eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 这两个骗子装着努力工作
He pretended that he did not know the answer 他装着不知道答案
224 rather…than 宁可……也不……
eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯当医生，也不当老师
He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫
225 regard…as 把……当作……
eg: Please give my best regards to your family 请带我向你的家人我最好的问候
I regard you as my friend 我把你当作我的朋友
He shows little regard for others 他不爱关心别人
226 remind sb about sth 提醒某人什么事 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
eg : he reminds me about cooking (he reminds me to cook 他提醒我做饭
227 remind sb of sth 使某人想起什么
eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的学校
228 return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人
229 say to oneself 对自己说
230 say to sb 对某人说
231 sb spend some money on sth 花了多少钱在某事上
232 sb spend some time with sb 花了多少时间陪谁
233 sb spend some time(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事
234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are
235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事 see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事
236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样 eg : You seem to be tired. You seem to be happy
237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物
238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去?
239 shock 使……震惊 eg : Oh , It's only you! You give me a shock 啊，是你呀!吓我一跳
240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物 eg : I show her the book.
241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看 eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me
242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物 eg : I show the book to her.
243 some…others… 一些……另一些……
244 start…with… 从……开始begin…with… 从……开始
245 stay away from 远离……
eg : We're told to stay away from the animals when visiting the zoo 当我们参观zoo 时，我们要远离动物
If you want to lose weight you'd better stay away from the sweet food 如果你想减肥，你最好远离甜食
246 stop doing 停下正在做的事
247 stop sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事
249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事
250 such +名 这样 ，这种
251 suit sb 适合某人
252 surprise sb 使某人惊奇 to one's surprise 令某人惊奇
253 take classes 上课
254 take sb to 把某人带去 eg : I take you to the hospital
255 take walks = take a walk = go for a walk 散步
256 ①talk to 对谁说 eg : I talk to you ② talk with 和谁说 eg : I talk with him
③ talk of 谈到 eg : we talked of you ④ talk about 谈论关于……
257 talk with sb 和某人说话
258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事
259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事
260 tell sb sth tell sb that 丛句 tell sb not to do sth tell a story
261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事
262 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么 tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么
263 tell…from…
264 thank you for +doing
265 the same +名词(doing)+as……
266 the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as 相同
267 the way to do sth = the way of doing st做某方面 的方法the way to +地方 去哪的路
e g :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way of learning English
268 the way to…(地点) 到哪的
269 too…to… 太怎样而不能……adj +enough to 足够…能… so…that +丛句
eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school
He is old enough to go to school = He is so old that he can go to school
270 translate ……into…… 把什么翻译成什么 eg : Translate English into Chinese
271 travel with sb和某人去旅游
272 try one's best to do sth尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well
273 try to do sth 想干什么，但没成功 try doing sth 想干什么，已经做过了
eg ：He tried to climb 他想爬上去，但没成功 He tried climbing 他想爬上去，已经做过了
274 try…试衣服 have a try 试一下
275 turn down 开小 ←→ turn up 开大
276 turn off 关上 ←→ turn on 打开open 拆开
277 upside down 倒着
278 visit to… 参观某个地方
279 wait for sb 等某人
中考英语题型归纳
一、听力
听力题主要考查整体理解和获取对话核心信息的能力。应试技巧：1.克服紧张心理，放松自己。心态平稳，才能有效发挥。2.试卷下发后，浏览问题题干，快速预测，以便带着问题有目的地去听。3.集中注意力听录音，果断答题。4.要学会放弃。如果有部分信息确实没听清楚，不要纠缠，马上放弃，以免影响后面答题。5.平时听力训练时要养成简写速记的习惯。
二、完形填空
完形填空题考查词汇知识、阅读能力、逻辑推理判断能力。应试技巧：1.快速通读短文，把握大意。特别注重首尾句的理解，抓住各段的主题句，理顺思路，为后面答题做好铺垫。2.在通读全文、理解大意的基础上，根据固定搭配、习惯用法、上下文暗示先选出一部分答案。然后细读全文，联系上下文内容、短语意思、语法法则、固定搭配等，对选项进行逐一比较和筛选，排除错误选项，最终确定正确答案。3.个别无法确定答案的，先跳过，往往能从下文暗示中找到答案。4.通读全文，验证答案。完成答案后，把所选的答案代入原文，通读全文，对所选答案进行核实调整。重要提示：切忌不通读全文，看一空填一空。
三、阅读理解
阅读理解主要考查学生阅读理解、获取信息和处理信息的能力。应试技巧：1.先看问题，再阅读。带着问题快速阅读全文，把握文章大意，明确作者观点和态度，寻求所需要的信息。2.注重主题句，各段的首尾句。3.概括大意，揣摩文章中心，掌握主旨和作者意图，不要过分推敲语言点。4.遇到生词要根据上下文或语境猜词义，不必停顿时间过长。
四、书面表达
书面表达考查学生综合语言运用能力。应试技巧：写作前：1.审题。审题要仔细，理清写作的体裁和格式，明确信息要点及词数限定等。抓住主旨要义，形成书面表达的思路及框架。2.整编。整合信息要点，分清段落层次，编写出提纲。写作中：1.根据体裁和信息要点明确作文所需要的重点句型和短语，尽量使用自己熟知的句型和短语。遇到不会词句，换用另一种意义相近的句式表达。2.遣词造句，用词地道。3.行文连贯。句与句之间，段与段之间连接自然连贯。写作后：1.检查与修改。重点检查：要点是否全面;内容是否完整;格式是否正确;句型、短语是否准确;语法有否错误;拼写有否错误;字数是否符合要求。2.考生在答卷时，写草稿，或写简略提纲，书写清楚规范，做到零涂改，确保卷面整洁。
初中物理串并联电路识别方法
电流流向法：
①途中不分流---------串联
②途中要分流---------并联或混联
拆除法：(识别较难电路)
①拆除任一用电器，其他用电器都不能工作---------串联
②拆除任一用电器，其他用电器还能工作------------并联
节点法：(识别不规范电路)
所谓“节点法”：就是不论导线有多长，只要中间没有电源、用电器等，则导线两端点均可以看成同一个点，从而找出各用电器两端的公共点。
第十四章 欧姆定律
电阻(R)：表示导体对电流的阻碍作用。(导体如果对电流的阻碍作用越大，那么电阻就越大，而通过导体的电流就越小)。电阻的单位：国际单位：欧姆(Ω);常用单位：兆欧(MΩ)、千欧(KΩ)。1兆欧=103千欧1千欧=103欧。
决定电阻大小的因素：导体的电阻是导体本身的一种性质，它的大小决定于导体的：材料、长度、横截面积和温度。(电阻与加在导体两端的电压和通过的电流无关)
变阻器：(滑动变阻器和变阻箱)
(1)滑动变阻器：
① 原理：改变电阻线在电路中的长度来改变电阻的。
② 作用：通过改变接入电路中的电阻来改变电路中的电流和电压。
③ 铭牌：如一个滑动变阻器标有“50Ω2A”表示的意义是：最大阻值是50Ω，允许通过的最大电流是2A。
④ 正确使用：A应串联在电路中使用;B接线要“一上一下”;C通电前应把阻值调至最大的地方。
(2)变阻箱：是能够表示出电阻值的变阻器。
欧姆定律：导体中的电流，跟导体两端的电压成正比，跟导体的电阻成反比。
公式：
公式的理解：①公式中的I、U和R必须是在同一段电路中;②I、U和R中已知任意的两个量就可求另一个量;③计算时单位要统一。
探究电流与电压、电阻的关系。
①提出问题 ②制定计划，设计实验，采用的研究方法是：控制变量法。
③进行实验，收集数据信息④分析论证⑤得出结论.
电路的串联有以下几个特点：(指R1，R2串联)
①电流：I=I1=I2(串联电路中各处的电流相等)
②电压：U=U1+U2(串联电路中总电压等于各部分电路电压之和)
③电阻：R=R1+R2(串联电路中总电阻等于各部分电路电阻之和)
如果n个阻值相同的电阻R0串联，则有R串=nR0
电路的并联有以下几个特点：(指R1，R2并联)
①电流：I=I1+I2(干路上电流等于各支路电流之和)
②电压：U=U1=U2(干路电压等于各支路两端电压)
初中物理电功和电功率
一、电功
1、定义：电流通过某段电路所做的功叫电功。
2、实质：电流做功的过程，实际就是电能转化为其他形式的能(消耗电能)的过程;电流做多少功，就有多少电能转化为其他形式的能，就消耗了多少电能。
电流做功的形式：电流通过各种用电器使其转动、发热、发光、发声等都是电流做功的表现。
3、规定：电流在某段电路上所做的功，等于这段电路两端的电压，电路中的电流和通电时间的乘积。
4、计算公式：W=UIt=Pt(适用于所有电路)
对于纯电阻电路可推导出：W= I2Rt= U2t/R
①串联电路中常用公式：W= I2Rt 。
W1:W2:W3:…Wn=R1:R2:R3:…:Rn
②并联电路中常用公式：W= U2t/R W1:W2= R2:R1
③无论用电器串联或并联。计算在一定时间所做的总功
常用公式W= W1+W2+…Wn
5、单位：国际单位是焦耳(J)常用单位：度(kwh)
1度=1千瓦时=1kwh=3.6×106J
6、测量电功：
⑴电能表：是测量用户用电器在某一段时间内所做电功(某一段时间内消耗电能)的仪器。
⑵ 电能表上“220V”“5A”“3000R/kwh”等字样，分别表示：电电能表额定电压220V;允许通过的最大电流是5A;每消耗一度电电能表转盘转3000转。
⑶读数：A、测量较大电功时用刻度盘读数。
①最后一位有红色标记的数字表示小数点后一位。
②电能表前后两次读数之差，就是这段时间内用电的度数。
二、电功率
1、定义：电流单位时间内所做的功。
2、物理意义：表示电流做功快慢的物理量 灯泡的亮度取决于灯泡的实际功率大小。
3、电功率计算公式：P=UI=W/t(适用于所有电路)
对于纯电阻电路可推导出：P= I2R= U2/R
①串联电路中常用公式：P= I2R 。
P1:P2:P3:…Pn=R1:R2:R3:…:Rn
②并联电路中常用公式：P= U2/R P1:P2= R2:R1
③无论用电器串联或并联。计算总功率。常用公式P= P1+P2+…Pn
4、单位：国际单位 瓦特(W) 常用单位：千瓦(kw)
5、额定功率和实际功率：
⑴ 额定电压：用电器正常工作时的电压。
额定功率：用电器在额定电压下的功率。P额=U额I额=U2额/R
三 电热
1、实验：目的：研究电流通过导体产生的热量跟那些因素有关? 原理：根据煤油在玻璃管里上升的高度来判断电流通过电阻丝通电产生电热的多少。
实验采用煤油的目的：煤油比热容小，在相同条件下吸热温度升高的快：是绝缘体
2、焦耳定律：电流通过导体产生的热量跟电流的平方成正比，跟导体的电阻成正比，跟通电时间成正比。
3、计算公式：Q=I2Rt (适用于所有电路)
对于纯电阻电路可推导出：Q =UIt= U2t/R=W=Pt
①串联电路中常用公式：Q= I2Rt 。
Q1:Q2:Q3:…Qn=R1:R2:R3:…:Rn
并联电路中常用公式：Q= U2t/R Q1:Q2=R2:R1
②无论用电器串联或并联。计算在一定时间所产生的总热量
常用公式Q= Q1+Q2+…Qn
③分析电灯、电炉等电热器问题时往往使用：Q= U2t/R=Pt
4、应用——电热器：
①定义：利用电流的热效应而制成的发热设备。②原理：焦耳定律
③组成：电热器的主要组成部分是发热体，发热体是由电阻率大、熔点高的合金制成。
④优点：清洁卫生没有污染、热效率高、方便控制和调节温度。